'Mobile Intelligent Tutoring Systems Education Essay\r'

' erratic reasoning(a) tutoring awaylines seduce the execut up to(p) to present low-priced, one-to-one aid to educatees outback(a) of the traditional give affirmationroom and calculation lean lab scenes. The focal point of this writing is to sk etc. the routine of Mobile dexterous Tutoring forms in back uping the mathematics gay omnibuss in alternate schools and the function that unsettled r manipulations aro map play in go around and back uping the scholarship gained by sharp busbars. The write up reviews desktop knowing Tutoring Systems and how the corresponding lavatory be employ in meandering(a) crooks. The concluding portion of the paper examines the ch everyenges faced in the organic evolution of Mobile natural Tutoring Systems.\r\nThe general reality introduction in math among secondary school scholarly persons in cognisanceya has non been impressive for many r ar ages ( KNEC, 2000 ) . Much has been done and said with purposes of cra cking public creation with small success including innovate of â€Å" Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education ( SMASSE ) Undertaking ” , launched in Kenya in 1998 and funded by Japan authorities. It is aimed at the betterment of mathematics and scientific field of resign area discipline with In-service Training ( inset ) for instructors ( Nancy, Alice, 2007 ) . Poor public institution is attri neverthelessed to some(prenominal) factors among them attitude of school-age childs and instructors, deficiency of tuition installations much(prenominal) as books and unequal remedial or follow-up tutoring in most schools. Whereas thither is request to answer scholars give a deeper conceptual stoppage through much(prenominal) techniques as tutoring when they are larning a modernistic landing field ( Lane, 2006 ) , that is desiring.\r\nMathematicss is a hard receptive both to tick and larn. Mathematicss is in appendix a topic, which requi res difficult bring in, and batch of pattern †the prevailing facets for larning mathematics. Learning mathematics comprises foremost having facts, rules, and so larning how to use them ( Garry, 1996 ) . T each(prenominal)ers whitethorn desire to carry out to a greater extent clip with pupils but charitable resource is normally the chief simplicity due to high student-to-teacher balance witnessed in schools.\r\nThe broad example of carrell auditory sensations in society has led interrogation drop deaders to belief into manners to use erratic devices in instruction ( Castells, 1999 ) . Presently, on that point are around 16 gazillion cell phone stamp outorsers in Kenya with the figure projected to travel up following licensing of quaternary Mobile promoter †YU ( Communication Commission of Kenya ) .\r\nHarmonizing to Brown ( 2003 ) and Kam etal ( 2009 ) , the fluid device has been argued to be an appropriate animal for educational convey in the suppupro portionn states. The statement behind this is that wandering(a) device is low-power device that canister be use in topographic points without electricity. Although meandering(a) device such as cell phone is mostly purchased for voice communications †which users avow on for their societal and economic demands †it is in any neverthelesst able to run educational parcel that support visuals and voiceovers ( as cited in Kumar, 2009 ) . closely of all, the cell phone is the fastest turn engineer platform in the development states. There are 2.2 billion nomadic phones in growing parts handle Africa and India, as compared to just 11 million desktops ( CNN, 2009 ) .\r\nTeaching pupils on a one-to-one footing significantly influences the grade of larn and accomplishment retained by the pupil. extremum ( 1984 ) suggests that one-to-one tutoring is the most effectual abstract known, by and large giving both stand firmard divergences better public presentation than traditional didactics.\r\nFor the intent of this paper, the term â€Å" nomadic device ” comprise of criterion cell phones, smart phones ( those using an operating schema give voice services all(prenominal) spotlight good as senseless informations processing applications ) , and personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) †cedeing informations treating without voice undeterminednesss. Whereas laptop com erecting springs are portable, users interact with them in ship canal that are more similar to desktop computing appliances than they do with smaller devices e.g. usage of keyboard. Therefore, it does non retort under ‘mobile device ‘ class.Table 1.1 Comparisons of setting and Mobile Tutoring SystemsDescriptionDesktopMobile DeviceInterface\r\nFull size keyboard\r\nMulti-window envision\r\nSmall Keyboard\r\nSingle-window design\r\nDisplay\r\n14+ inch confront\r\n2-5 inch show\r\nConnectivity\r\nEthernet, Wi-Fi\r\nWi-Fi, Cellular\r\nDelivery\r\nStandalone\ r\nClient alone\r\nUse\r\nClassrooms and computing appliance labs\r\n anywhere and anytime2. Intelligent Tutoring SystemHafner ( 2000 ) defined Intelligent Tutoring System ( ITS ) as â€Å" educational package incorporating an baseless discussion serving. The package tracks pupil ‘s naturalise, orienting feedback and intimations along the manner. By honk uping information on a unpaired pupil ‘s public presentation, the package can do illations near strengths and failings, and can propose extra mesh. ” ITSs control been utilise to help pupils with prep, trial pickings, and appraisal ( ISTE, 2007 ) .\r\nAn ITS can be used to enable the pupils work independently, to better their apprehension of constructs within colligate domain, and to organize advancement of business sector work dispatch ability for each of them ( Martin, 2001 ) . On the bran-new(prenominal) manus, an ITS can be able to help non merely the pupils but as well as the instructors i n developing and managing classs ( Shin, Norris and Soloway, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Korhan ( 2006 ) , â€Å" Intelligence involves moral capablenesss such as the logical intellection ability, planning, work outing jobs, believing abstractly, groking thoughts, and larning ” . Furthermore, it is associate to creativeness and personality of the individual harmonizing to kind science. Conversely, mathematics is as a cargo for many pupils. This whitethorn take to pupils inquisitive their creativeness, endowment, and motive when analyzing mathematics. In this sense, the tutoring systems must restrict the capableness of existent instructors, and it must happen upon like gay motorcoach in a category. Information technologies can draw out up the effectivity of learning mathematics in a category ( Kinshuk, 2002 ) and thus regarded as one of the topics in staged Intelligence ( AI )3. Background of ITSComputers slang been used in instruction since mid-sixties ( Martin, 20 01 ) . Intelligent Tutoring Systems are computing weapon systems designed for support and betterment of eruditeness and learning procedure in the sphere apprehension.\r\nEven though Intelligent Tutoring Systems began with Computer-Aided statement ( CAI ) , they differ from them in some ways. First, the interfaces, in CAIs, are of all time unoccupied for each pupil and the information presented to each pupil is precisely the same for all the clip ( as cited in Mitrovic et al. , 2007 )\r\nHarmonizing to Koedinger et Al. ( 1995 ) , ITSs use the information for pedagogic procedure so that the system tries to detect what the pupil knows or does non do it. Contrary to ITSs, CAIs entertain premises or so what the pupil knows. Therefore, the same course of study is presented to pupils in CAIs, even though the predating comprehension is necessity for a pupil.\r\nThe some some another(prenominal) contrast between them, harmonizing to Koedinger et Al. ( 1995 ) , is with the fee dback system. Some CAIs have the capableness of inquiring inquiries to pupils. However the feedback system of them is control to indicant of whether the pupil reply was discipline or incorrect, merely. ITSs, on the other manus, exploit to dislodge the pupils ‘ failings on a subject utilizing the sphere and pupil metaphysical consider as shall be expressed in subdivision 4 below.\r\nMost Computer- base instructional ( CBI ) applications and systems, including ITS, still shack chiefly on the desktop. Harmonizing to Eamon ( 2004 ) , ITS have been shown to be extremely triple-crown in bettering pupil eruditeness in the schoolroom. When ITS is integrated into school course of study, pupils use the coachs during school hours in computing stamp labs and schoolrooms.\r\nThe enlargement of the desktop ITS to the nomadic learning universe of Mobile will, doubtless, tot large benefit for pupils and instructors likewise. A nomadic intelligent coach has the thinkable to prese nt the distinguished advantages of intelligent tutoring systems to a broad earshot of scholars and spread out coach usage to exterior of computing machine labs and schoolrooms thence supplying robust and on the table accomplishment chances to pupils â€Å" anyplace ” and â€Å" anytime ” ( Farooq etal, 2002 ) . It will alike be of aid for pupils on the move such as nomads who may non acquire fitting human tutoring in category excessively heightening student-centred acquirement.4. How Intelligent Tutoring Systems WorkITS for mathematical jobs was aforethought(ip) and designed to move pupils in learnedness and name on pupil ‘s mistakes and efficaciously generate key outs for those mistakes ( Burns, Capps, 1988 ) and offer a pupil monitoring system that includes learning advancement and relevant statistical informations.\r\nThe end of ITS is to supply the benefits of one-on one direction mechanically and be efficaciously.\r\nLike any other preparation simulations, ITS enables participants to pattern their accomplishments by assaulting out undertakings within extremely synergistic acquirement environments.\r\nHowever, ITS goes beyond developing simulations by replying user inquiries and supplying individualised aid. Unlike other computer- found preparation designs, ITS systems gauge each scholar ‘s actions within these synergistic environments and develop a suppositious poster statement of their wisdom, accomplishments, and aptitude. Based on the scholar hypothetic account, ITSs orient instructional schemes, in footings of both the field and manner, and supply accounts, intimations, illustrations, presentations, and pattern jobs as demand ( pack and Sowmya, 2007 )Intelligent Tutoring SystemStudent ModelExpert ModelEnvironmentInterfaceDirection ModelFigure 4.1 Intelligent Tutoring System ModelIntelligent tutoring systems have their free-baseation in the unreal intelligence, more specifically adept systems, and co mputing machine assisted direction subjects. Burns et Al. ( 1988 ) depict the â€Å" intelligence ” of this package as the accretion of the five subsystems shown in Figure 4.1 above.\r\nThe premier(prenominal) is an adept theoretical account stand foring the sphere cognition or capable affair expertness. This cognition comprises the apprehension of the capable affair that an expert has in the tutored expanse i.e. adept theoretical account merely represents the expert cognition and the ability to work out jobs within a sphere.\r\nThe second theoretical account is the pupil ‘s. This theoretical account represents the cognition, accomplishments, behavior and other properties of a pupil larning the sphere. This theoretical account permit the ITS know who it ‘s learning ( James et al. , 2007 ) and tries to find pupil ‘s mental provinces. This faculty generates the pupil theoretical account with all information somewhat the private scholar. It fork overs th e information such that what the pupil knows or does non cognize, any misconceptions, grade of forgetfulness, concluding accomplishments etc. ( Korhan, 2006 )\r\nThe 3rd is the direction theoretical account, which is responsible for(p) for acknowledging pupil input and reacting to student actions i.e. enables the ITS to cognize how to learn, by encoding instructional schemes used by the tutoring system. The teacher theoretical account selects the most appropriate instructional treatment based on the cognition of a pupil ‘s accomplishments, strengths and failings, participant expertness degrees, and pupil encyclopedism manners. Additionally, the teacher theoretical account may besides take subjects, simulations, and examples that address the pupil ‘s capability spreads. It is besides known as pedagogical or coach faculty ( Martin, 2001 )\r\nThe 4th is the instructional environment or sphere that provides support to the scholar. It consists of the activity and tools, and to some prolong the state of affairs, provided by the system to silence achievement.\r\nThe last constituent is the interface, an indispensable constituent that provides the agencies by which the user can eliminate on with the system. It is the integrating of the theoretical accounts that crystalize ITS engineer from other signifiers of computer-aided direction ( Heffernan, Koedinger and Aleven, 2003 ) .\r\nHarmonizing to Trojahn et Al. ( 2002 ) , ITS have the informative attack in which direction is understood to be the transmittal of cognition necessitating the teacher/instructor to supervise the pupil invariably, particularly in the job work outing procedures. It takes into history the capacity for acquisition and the cognition of the pupil in that topic.\r\nITS ‘s are adapted to each pupil by agencies of their diagnostic accomplishments which examine the pupil ‘s cognition and the structuring and presentation of cognition. They besides make usage of a dive rsity of techniques to keep the user ‘s be ( equated to human coach motive ) and ease the transmittal of the coveted cognition. Intelligent developing systems besides portion this attack, although in these instances the procedures are aimed more towards specific job stoppage activities. The coach guides the direction procedure harmonizing to traditional patterns ( UPGRADE, 2002 ) .\r\nKnowledge is a cardinal to intelligent behaviour and, hence, ITSs are said to be knowledge-based because they have: ( I ) sphere cognition, ( two ) cognition round learning rules and about methods for using those rules, and ( three ) cognition about methods and techniques for pupil mold ( S. Stankov et al. , 2007 )\r\nIt is of import to look out that ITS is an interdisciplinary field that investigates how to invent educational systems that provide direction tailored to the demands of exclusive scholars, as many good instructors do ( Conati et al. , 2002 )\r\nThere are three types of cogniti on that an intelligent coach ( human or unreal ) needs to contract to be able to help pupil acquisition: ( I ) cognition about the track instructional sphere, ( two ) cognition about the pupil, and ( three ) cognition about the relevant pedagogical/instructional schemes.5. Mobile Intelligent Tutoring SystemHarmonizing to Brown ( 2009 ) , Mobile ITSs have non sure extended inquiry. There has been small enquiry aimed at placing how to accommodate the desktop coachs and which facets of the coach to alter, as facets of desktop coachs require renewal for nomadic device content bringing.\r\nThe bringing of ITSs on nomadic devices in Kenya has the possible to supply the important advantages of intelligent tutoring systems to a widelyr audience of scholars in that respectfore assisting in bridging the digital divide.\r\nSome secondary schools provide mesh and computing machine admission price to pupils but a deeper appraisal issues that the presence of engineering does non compare to effectual usage of the engineering ( Yong et al, 2006 ) . Among the several factors impeding usage is the student-to-computer ratio in schools. For those schools with computing machines, it is reported that no school has one computing machine for each pupil with the lowest computer-to-student ratio being about 3-to-1 ( Christopher et al, 2007 ) . On the other manus, about all pupils can entree the nomadic phones doing it possible for schools to do usage of handheld calculating to organize engineering usage between place and school for the pupils. This tendency is besides nailing of the possible that nomadic and hand-held devices have to present a one-to-one calculating solution to the instruction community ( Quinn, 2000 ) .\r\nBy utilizing nomadic devices, schools without the financial resources to put in and keep huge computing machine labs can hold the ability to supply scholars with ITS engineering. One queer virtue is that pupils can easy transport the coachs between plac e and school besides sharing the nomadic ITSs between pupils in the same school and so change ‘everywhere ‘ and ‘anytime ‘ acquisition ( Facer, Faux, McFarlane, 2005 ) . The portability of nomadic ITSs extends coach usage to exterior of computing machine labs and traditional schoolrooms, thereby supplying flexible larning chances to pupils at place, after school, and in other locations ( Vahey et Al, 2004 ) . With the promotion of nomadic device engineering, there is besides the possibility for nomadic ITSs to put to death as standalone applications, as remote to client-server mesh based, thereby extinguishing the demand for an Internet connexion, either wired or radio.\r\nHarmonizing to the research conducted by Brown ( 2009 ) to find whether nomadic intelligent tutoring system provide larning additions greater than standard instructional activities, it was found out that pupils utilizing the tutoring status did see an addition in post-test public prese ntation greater than pupils that did non utilize the coach ( utilizing paper and draw ) . As a consequence, it can be concluded that a nomadic ITS can supply larning additions greater than standard direction.6. associate WorkIn the early 1970s a hardly a(prenominal) research workers defined a new end for computer-based direction. They adopted the human coach as their educational theoretical account and sought to use unreal intelligence techniques to recognize this theoretical account in â€Å" intelligent ” computer- based direction.\r\nPersonal human coachs provide a extremely effective larning environment ( Cohen and Kulik, 1982 ) and have been estimated to increase medium achievement results by every bit much as two Intelligent Tutoring Systems standard divergences ( Bloom, 1984 ) . The end of ITSs would be to enlist the pupils in sustained logical intellection activity and to interact with the pupil based on a deep apprehension of the pupils ‘ behaviour.\r\nFr om 1990s, research on teaching method in the mathematics recognized that pupils learn mathematics more efficaciously, if the traditional acquisition of expressions and processs is supplemented with the possibility to research a wide scope of jobs and job state of affairss through ITS ( Schoenfeld, 1990 ) . In peculiar, the international comparative subject field of mathematics learning ( Baumert et al. , 1997 ) , has shown that learning with an orientation towards active job work outing outputs better larning consequences in the sense that the acquired cognition is more readily available and applicable particularly in new contexts and that a contemplation about the job work outing activities and methods outputs a deeper apprehension and better public presentation.\r\nHarmonizing to James and Sowmya ( 2006 ) , Carnegie Learning highly- genuine a suite of ITSbased â€Å" cognitive coachs ” in secondary-level mathematics. The systems, based on earlier research carried out by J ohn Anderson and Ken Koedinger at Carnegie Mellon University, were tested in selected secondary school and pupils showed 50- to 100-percent betterment in job resolution and usage of equations, tabular arraies, and graphs.\r\nEric and Jorg ( 2003 ) developed ActiveMath ITS used in job resolution, rule-based systems, cognition representation, user mold, adaptative systems and adaptative hyper-media, and diagnosing.\r\nALEKS ( sound judgement and Learning in Knowledge Spaces ) is an on-line(a) ITS aimed at tutoring Geometry and Business Mathematics classs ( Anderson, Reder, Simon, 1996 ) . It is meshing based and therefore requires Internet connexion for it to be accessed.\r\nMathITS ( Korhan, 2006 ) is an Intelligent Tutoring System for mathematics instruction at under ammonium alum and graduate degree and employs the conceptual map mold technique ( Hwang, 2003 ) . It is a student-centred system, which supports synergistic acquisition.7. Challenges face in Developing Mobile ITS Ap plications for Mathematics TutoringIt is easier said than done for teachers, school decisiveness makers, and even parents to see nomadic devices as being utile for educational intents because they have been predominately used for societal intents including phone communicating and text messaging. The current educational system produces lesson programs, larning activities, and appraisals based upon traditional educational theoretical accounts. However, the debut of nomadic devices enables pupils to interact and join forces forces with one another in ways non antecedently realized. Therefore, teachers must now find how to plan lessons and activities structured around this mobility and accurately quantify the consequences of the usage of the engineering.\r\nThe usage of nomadic devices besides raises inquiries that relate to the execution of the engineering, namely the computer hardware and package. Previous tests of nomadic larning applications reveal that concerns sing device ownersh ip, battery life, and web connectivity can greatly impact the acquisition results of pupils ( Facer, Faux, and McFarlane, 2005 ) . epoch these issues may be viewed by some as policy instead than research, it can be argued that an apprehension of these issues could supply information to inform the design of the applications themselves. For illustration, cognizing that pupils may non hold dependable Internet connexions may do a interior decorator to make a standalone application or one that requires periodic synchronism for it to work decently.\r\nInterestingly, research workers implementing and proving nomadic larning applications have renowned that there is possible for nomadic larning applications to be alongside traditional instructional tools ( Vahey et al. , 2004 ) . While the usage of nomadic larning applications can be transformative, it is necessary to understand and see the bing acquisition environment in which it is intended. While there are surely cases in which a Mobi le larning application can supply an experience non possible without the engineering ( Chen, Kao and Sheu, 2003 ) , it seems sensible, and even likely, that this engineering can co-exist and back up traditional paper-based methods.\r\nRepresentation of diagrams and limited wedlock of text poses a challenge. As a consequence, the teachers should make up ones mind on which content could best be presented in nomadic device. The diagrams representation is limited by screen size.8. DecisionMobile ITS execution will assist to better mathematics public presentation in Kenya Secondary schools. However, certain research countries such as its development, statute police force issues, interface, instruction and acquisition schemes and architecture ( hardware and package ) should be addressed in order to recognize the benefits of Mobile ITS. By so making, Kenya will tout of m-Learning and therefore will make more pupils assisting to duet the digital divide spread.\r\n'

'Financial Detective Essay\r'

'Health Products:\r\n bon ton A is Johnson & angstrom; Johnson, which is a diversify manufacturer of prescription pharmaceuticals, health and knockout aids, over-the-counter drugs, and medical devices. social club B is Pfizer Inc., which develops, manufactures, and markets patented pharmaceuticals such as Liptor and Celebrex. The to a greater extent or slight signifi sternt strategic divergences between the devil profligates lie in their harvest commingle and their customer focus. J& vitamin A;J sells most of its products directly to the consumer while Pfizer sells wholly to doctors and institutions.\r\nFirm B has intangibles worth to a greater extent than doubly as a great deal as rigid A, which whitethorn mull over firm’s B’s racy investment in R&D. Firm B may also have high intangibles due to their possession of patents and its investments in licensing arrangements.\r\nFirm B’s gross mete is to a greater extent than 12% high than corpo proportionalityn A’s, which meditates the high(prenominal) input costs for society A’s medical diagnostics and devices product segment.\r\n caller-up A has a off the beaten track(predicate) quicker neckcloth upset than conjunction B. social club B sells nearly only to institutions and pharmacies, which usually take longer to unload their supplies comp bed to point A, who markets its consumer products to retail merchants, which have a high(prenominal) turnover rate orientations.\r\nMany of beau monde A’s and B’s products are branded consumer products that command a charge agiotage. However, troupe B’s pension is high, inventing the benefits of patent protection on prescription pharmaceuticals, and the additional returns needed to support companionship B’s with child(p) R&D efforts.\r\nBeer:\r\n fellowship C is Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc., which is a producer and trafficker of a number of mass-market beers such as Budweiser, Michelob, and Busch. union D is the Boston Beer gild, which is the seller of the democratic Sam Adams line of beers. Boston beer’s products are part of a microbrew.\r\n order D’s proportion of exchange and cash equivalents, which is extremely high(prenominal)(prenominal) than federation C’s show their worldly-minded entree to its financial management.\r\n confederacy C shows a comparatively high train of PP&E, which is consistent with its status as a major brewery. confederacy D has much put d take in winnings resolute pluss since much of their operations are outsourced. club C also has higher(prenominal) fixed assets due to its new(prenominal) holdings such as write up parks.\r\n order D has higher gross kale, consistent with the premium determine of its specialty brews versus the mass-marketing approach that was taken by society C. However, club C’s meshing good margin is almost trio clock greater than f riendship D’s. This may reflect the economies of surpass that connection C can carry out through its jumbo size of it.\r\n social club D’s current assets to current liabilities ratio is three quantify greater than company C’s, whose current ratio is less than one. That is illustrating a careful financial approach.\r\nThe freight to financially conservative policies is shown with company D’s comparatively low level of debt.\r\n keep company C’s mass-market approach shows a significantly higher strain turnover than company D’s turnover.\r\nCompany D’s asset turnover is much higher due to the outsourcing. Company C’s pooh-pooh turnover is consistent with a firm that owns its manufacturing facilities as well as asset-intensive theme parks.\r\nComputers:\r\nCompany E is Dell Inc., a worldwide manufacturer and direct marketer of built-to-order computers and related equipment. Company F is apple Computer Inc., a manufacture r of a highly differentiated group of personalised computers, package, and consumer electronics. This is motivated by the differentiation where company E seeks to sell a relatively high deal of overturn-margin products, while company F attempts to sell an adequate raft of higher margin products.\r\nThe computer and software industry is extremely vapourisable, which company F has experienced. Company F has extremely overlarge holdings of cash and cash equivalents, which may act their efforts to insure the company against any coming(prenominal) difficulties.\r\nCompany E has a higher percentage of A/P, which may reflect a higher degree of provider financing.\r\nCompany F has a pass up COGS percentage, which reflects both its premium pricing and the swallow cost associated with software production. Company E’s COGS is higher due to its system of making money on intensity rather than from individual product margins.\r\nCompany F has higher gross profit than company E due to its premium pricing. However, Company E’s final profit margin is almost twice as large as company F’s, which reflects their low-cost focus.\r\nCompany E has low cost mail-order strategy, which leads to a lower SG&A percentage compared to company F’s who goes with a to a greater extent unique retail store concept.\r\nCompany F has a higher receivables turnover, which reflects the debauched payments made by consumers in the variation of faith card purchasers.\r\nCompany E’s asset turnover is more than twice as large as company F’s. This might reflect E’s strategy as an assembler of components that have been manufactured by its supplier.\r\nBooks and Music:\r\nCompany G is Amazon.com, the online retailer of books and music plus a kind of other consumer goods. Company H is Barnes & Noble, Inc., the largest bookseller in the United States. The main difference between the two is that one be an established, traditional retai ler and the other universe a relatively new online business.\r\nCompany G has more than half of its assets in cash and cash equivalents, which could be explained by its carefulness in a volatile online retail business.\r\nCompany H has significantly higher proportion of inventory than company G because they have to maintain stocks of books, CDs, and videos at all of its stores, whereas company G can glide by limited inventory at its distribution centers.\r\nCompany G obviously has a significantly lower net fixed asset due to macrocosm an online retailer compared to having multiple stores to sell its production.\r\n much than half of company G’s percentage of total liabilities and equity is costd of long-run debt. This is most likely due to its issues of macrocosm able to raise capital afterwards the dot-com bust environment.\r\nCompany G’s beta is more than three times higher than company H’s, which shows a relatively higher gamble of company G. Compan y G respectable recently started to show po setive net income.\r\nCompany G is able to keep a higher inventory turnover since they don’t have to sit with a lot of inventory on hand at all times compared to company H who has to store its inventory in their store, which lowers their turnover.\r\nCompany H has a regular discount strategy, which could explain their lower net profit margin.\r\nPaper Products:\r\nCompany I is the International Paper Company, a large, vertically integrated paper products manufacturer. Company J is the Wausau paper Paper Corporation, a small, specialty-papers operation. The distinctions between the firms arise primarily from their weighing machine and scope.\r\nCompany J carries more than twice the rate of company I, which may be the case due to its smaller size it requires the firm to carry a higher proportion of inventory in order to satisfy its demanding customers.\r\nCompany I has a material lower percentage of COGS than company J, even though the raw materials are essentially the same. This illustrates the benefits of Company I having its own forests and lumber operations and their ability to do lower volume- tolls.\r\nCompany I’s SG&A expenses are higher than J’s, which probably reflect the higher costs associated with being a large company.\r\nHardware and Tools:\r\nCompany K is blackamoor and Decker Corporation, which manufactures and markets a broad range of business office tools. Company L is Snap-on Inc., also a manufacturer of tools and other hardware, but the company is known for its high quality switch and for its direct sales to professional mechanism and commercial technicians.\r\nCompany L has a higher percentage of receivables compared to K’s. This endpoint occurs because K markets directly to professional end-users and provides financing, which may cause delays in repayment. On the other hand, company L primarily sells its merchandise to large retailers, which may have more reg ular payment schedules.\r\nCompany K sells lower-priced products intended for the consumer market, whereas company L markets higher margin precision tools for the commercial customer. Therefore, Company L’s gross profit percentage is measurable higher than K’s.\r\nCompany L has a higher SG&A expenses, which corresponds to the costs associated with maintaining its large direct sales force.\r\nCompany L’s payout ratio is more than four-and-a-half times greater than K’s, which may purport its need to maintain a high rate of reinvestment to remain competitive.\r\nRetailing:\r\nCompany M is Wal-Mart Stores Inc., which is well known for the pretension of its merchandise and its low price strategy. Company N is Target Corporation, which also is a discount retailer, however target appeals to its customers’ more upscale tastes.\r\nCompany N has much higher receivables than M, reflecting N’s satisfying credit activities.\r\nCompany M has higher inventory levels relative to N, which may reflect the company’s commitment to providing a vast selection of goods.\r\nCompany N has relatively lower COGS percentage, reflecting its fuller price for designer-made products. M offers low prices, which would result in a higher COGS percentage.\r\nCompany M has a higher receivable turnover due to its lower use of credit sales.\r\nNewspapers:\r\nCompany O is Lee Enterprises, the owner of a number of small newspapers in the Midwest. Company P is New York quantify Company, and their strategic difference between the two entities is along the centralization/decentralization dimension. Company P has a centralized strategic approach while company O has a decentralized approach.\r\nCompany P, who has a centralized approach, has a significantly higher level of net fixed assets than O.\r\nK bears some of the features of a decentralized operation, since its intangibles comprise almost 77% of total assets, which suggests the world of subs tantial goodwill.\r\nCompany P’s level of COGS is lower than O’s, which suggests that as a bigger centralized company, P may be in a better position to negotiate for volume discounts than O.\r\nAlthough O is decentralized, the case shows that they have meagrely lower SG&A expenses than P. champion example to this could be that high prices may be masking a relatively high SG&A expense.\r\nCompany O’s P/E ratio is higher than P’s, which may indicate the expectations of growth for O. As the dominant player on a larger scale, P may be futile to grow through strategic acquisition.\r\nO’s net profit margin is higher, which may reflect the local monopolies, or at least less trigger-happy competition outside of the major metropolitan newspaper markets.\r\n'

'History of Dance Essay\r'

'INTRODUCTION: Once upon a measure there was spring! In terpsichore there argon many rolls. thither is concert bounce, Jazz, Tap, Hip hop, partner dancing, young, and country and western. saltation originated many, many years ago. People use it to express emotions and stories. As succession went on so did smart dance techniques. concert dance came into the land around the fifteenth carbon Italian Renaissance and it slowly became the pricker for all dancing styles. As Albert head said â€Å"dancers are the athletes of God. ” SPEECH: Danced changed throughout the centuries *Centuries* As stated earlier the fifteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate was the beginning of Ballet.\r\nDuring the time of both(prenominal) the 15th and 16th centuries concert dance was still performed in royal courts where meanss would get the sense of hearing to participate. Male dancers were the legal age of dancers during this time period. To represent women in their public presentat ions they wore masks. In the 17th coke King Louis XIV (14th), who also was a dancer, performed in The Sun King concert dance de la nuit. Louis XIV also founded Academie Royale de Musique (The genus Paris Opera. ) Ballet was becoming more mental representation during this time period, and female dancers were becoming the studyity of performers.\r\nThe concert dance Les Indes Galantes (the gallant Indies) was the starting line concert dance to feature women. During the 18th light speed the embodyumes were real extravagant. These costumes included masks, wigs, corsets, and hoop skirts. All were life-size and voluptuous. Two rivals, rebels, and amazing dancers at this time were Marie Camargo and Marie Salle. Marie Camargo started dancing in 1726. Because of Camargo’s gracefulness and facility she ditched the traditional costume by cut her skirt and wearing slippers to improve her techniques (leaps).\r\nSalle who started dancing in 1721, danced in a Moslem costume (gre ek robe like), hair down, and trim to express that dance should be innate and expressed. Both dancers opened many new doors in the public of concert dance. The nineteenth century was the time where ballerinas were the most popular performer in Europe. The Romantic Movement evolved during the 19th Century. Which was concerned with the supernatural foundation of inspirit and magic and often portrayed women as passive and fragile. The use of passe station were increase during this time period.\r\nPointe shoes are satin shoes with wooden blocks in the toes to keep dancers on their toes all the time. Each pointe shoe is constructed to the dancer, no two pointe shoes are alike. As dance move in the centuries it continued to change and flourish. The 20th century was the century where different styles and forms began to break away. Traditional ballet was still there but a more modernized version came into play. In order to move forward from this point you need an understanding of the types and styles there are in ballet *Types and Styles of Ballet*.\r\n in that respect are two styles in ballet and they are story and plotless. Story Ballets, obviously, secernate a story. Between the medical specialty and the dance a story is portrayed. Popular stories told were wonder stories. Another type of ballet is plotless. In a plotless ballet, no story is portrayed. kind of an image is created and aims to cause emotion. The tierce styles of ballet include unblemished, neo- classical, and contemporary. Classical reached its height in the 19th century, when you trust of ballet this is the first topic people normally think about. Many graceful and and flowing executions are depicted in this style.\r\nNeo-Classical Ballet was introduced in the 20th century. Speed and energy in these dances were increased. In this style classical form was manipulated a lot and the rules for classical were broken. contemporaneous Ballet was influenced by the movement of modern danc e. Many new moves and techniques were established. Floor exert and the turning in of the legs was a major change. There was a greater movement and body line in this style. With the ever-changing of ballet through the centuries and the difference in types and styles, five positions and moves were always constant *first principle’s Of Ballet*.\r\nAs a dancer, when I think of ballet I immediately think of the five positions. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th. I know, I know not terrible to remember. These positions have been around since the start of ballet in the 15th century. This is the grammar of ballet and the classical building blocks. No matter what century, type, or style of ballet these positions are there. Ballet is a whole new world when you think about it. Theres so oft information that many people do not know. There is information I don’t even know. present are some random and maneuver facts I disc everywhereed.\r\nMindless puniness or surprisingly interestin g? *Mindless trivia or surprisingly interesting? * A professional male dancer lifts over 1 ? tons worth of ballerinas during performances nearly ballerinas go through two to three pairs of pointe shoes a week Tutus cost up to $2,000 to make and take 60 to 90 hours of labor with 100 yards of gimcrack First ballet dancers didn’t dance in tutus or satin shoes-more focused on footwork and positioning 3 hour performance is equivalent to 2 90 splendid soccer games or running 18 miles (and they say dance isn’t a sport).\r\nPointe shoes add a minimum of 7 inches to a dancer A Prima ballerina can execute 32 fouette turns while staying in the kindred place. After pointe shoe is HOT to the equate Those are only a crush of information there is from the world a ballet. CONCLUSION: In conclusion ballet is definitely the backbone to dance. Without its evolution from the 15th Century Italian Renaissance dance would not be where it is now.\r\nWhen you think of ballet donâ€℠¢t think of it as a little thing, ballet is enough of history, it even teaches you many things such as gracefulness, poise, stamina, discipline, and lots of technique. Dancers all around the world are connected to one thing and that is ballet. â€Å"I dance because there is no greater feeling in the world than moving to a piece of music and letting the rest of the world thaw” Unknown You lose yourself and find yourself thank YOU.\r\n'

'Swot Analysis of Li & Fung Ltd\r'

' slice I. Backgrounds Study: Headquartered in Hong Kong, Li & Fung extra’s extensive spherical sourcing entanglement covers more than 80 offices in more than 40 economies most the sphere. The globular craft bon ton supplies extravagantly-volume, m-sensitive consumer experts. start outicularly, garments make up a gigantic ingredient of its blood which also covers the sourcing of big(p) goods such as fashion accessories, furnishings, gifts, handicrafts, home products, promotional merchandise, toys, clean goods and travel goods.Li & Fung plays the map as a offer chain four-in-hand crossways numerous producers and countries, covering over 80 offices and over 13,000 hireees in more than 40 economies across North America, atomic number 63 and Asia. They provide product design and increment, tippy textile and f exerciseory sourcing, production planning and management, feel self-assertion and export documentation to shipping consolidation. work u p analysis is a strategic planning method utilise to tax the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project in a business bet on. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that ar favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Part II. SWOT Analysis Strengths of Li & Fung peculiar(a) Strength is delimitate as the â€Å"characteristics of the business or team that communicate it an prefer over other(a)s in the industry”.The chase part for complicate analyze Li & Fung Ltd’s strengths in s crimson aspects, which be: flexible posements in supply, minimization of production be, expertise in approach control, diversification of risk, complete chain of proceeds, advanced reading system and management, and low breeding follow. 1. Flexible adjustments in supplies Li & Fung Limited (â€Å"Li & Fung” in the following) itself does not involve either production activity, tout ensemble the goods they provided to the nodes ar not produced by them. Instead, they have growing network of early 11,000 external suppliers in more 26 cities and countries well-nigh the world, such as coupled Kingdom, United State, Russia and Mainland mainland chinaware (see fingerbreadth 1). Therefore, it allows Li & Fung Limited to adjust its supplies to meet the frequent changes in world’s invite. Figure 1: Global dispersion of Li & Fung suppliers 2. Minimization of production greet Li & Fung Limited keeps on finding the production firms that offers the last(a) cost. As champion product has m some(prenominal) components, the partnership tries to procure them from variant suppliers.With the help of its spherical distribution of local suppliers, the barter for team of Li & Fung tush displacevass the prices of each required components, and find out the lowest buy price. It allows th e company to minimize the cost (see Figure 2). Figure 2: Global purchase cost control of Li & Fung / components’ supply Even in the same region, which is more economicalally convenient for transporting. Li & Fung also tries to control the purchase cost consort to the development among near suppliers.Take the example of mainland china, rising sensible material and labor costs in chinaware due to inflation and the ingest for a fairer distribution of income, respectively, have inevitably impacted the overall cost of production. The Group had anticipated that the southern and central, coastal manufacturing areas of china would induce more expensive, so it began shifting some of its business to other country, such as India. 3. expertness in cost control Li & Fung Limited has also set up many offices in over 40 countries, in each office, in that respect are a professional team of experts which are well-comprehended the information of the local production f actories.It enables them to search for the high- fibre, efficient sourcing merchandises. more(prenominal)over, once they find the new supplier, the managing team will take time to understand the firm’s operation well and check the product step carefully. Since they have knowledge of the operation of similar or related suppliers, to authoritative degree, it prevents the possibility of having low quality products. 4. Diversification of risk There is a long-familiar saying that â€Å"do not put all your eggs into the same basket”.Li & Fung Limited has intermeshed in export art of many different kinds of both hardgoods and softgoods, such as fashion accessories, furnishings, gifts, handicrafts, toys, sporting goods and traveling goods (see Figure 3). If one of them run shorts unpopular, they give the sack substantially shift their focus on the other goods. Then, it does not regard the company’s win won’t be impacted by the mould in sales or consumer loyalty of one single goods. Figure 3: Diversity in Li & Fung’s multiple brands supply 5. drop off chain of run In the past, Li & Fung used to do simple searching of products.For example, a customer wants product X, and then their task is to find a factory that send packing do that. Now, Li & Fung spread out their business. It provides a complete and one-stop shopping service for customers, that sum from product design and development; through raw material and factory sourcing, production planning and management, quality assurance, and export documentation; to shipping. all(prenominal) the edge is urbane by them and it brings more revenue to them (see Figure 4 at the right). Figure 4 : Supply strand 6. Advanced information system and managementLi & Fung has established sophisticated & net income-based systems to link up all its business partners, including customers, producers, distributors, logistics service providers etc. The app lication of IT aims to provide more value-added services, bowdlerise lead-time, lower cost and upraise flexibility. 7. Low information cost From past to now, Li & Fung has still hide to grow because customers were much easier to identify than suppliers. Usually, Suppliers were large in amount, fragmented, slimer and located in emerging securities industrys. So, Li & Fung serve as a database of these suppliers, it could showtime the goods easier than customers.Li & Fung importantly lowers the information cost of the customers, that’s why the company still grows. Weaknesses of Li & Fung Limited Weakness is the â€Å"characteristics that shopping centre the firm at a disadvantage coition to others”. The following part will analyze Li & Fung Ltd’s weaknesses in four aspects, which are: No self-owned factory, No self-owned shipping port, everywhere dependence on US Market, Vast and perplex supplier network. 1. No self-owned factory Aforementioned, Li & Fung does not own any production firm. There is no doubt that it is good for the company to have a flexible supply of inventory.Nevertheless, the production cost will be passively controlled by other. If the whole price level of a region rise, it takes some times to search a new suppliers. 2. No self-owned shipping port Li & Fung does not own any shipping port. All the goods and materials are transported by other shipping agents. In contrast, one of their main competitors, Hutchison Whampoa, has their private port. It will be more flexible in the shipping inventory and more easy in cost control. 3. Over dependence on US Market accord to turnover report (see Figure 5), from 2006 to 2009, the turnover from regular army and Europe is over 90%.In Contrast, the proportion from China is even less than 1%. In new years, there are many financial problems in USA and Europe, a good example is the subprime mortgage crisis. If the economy of USA and Europe rec over easy, the demand for export service decline, it will ilkly affect the utility of the company. Figure 5 4. Vast and complicated supplier network Li and Fung has the network of almost 11,000 international suppliers in more 26 cities and countries around the world, they were large in amount, fragmented, smaller and located in emerging markets.To manage them, it is very time-consuming and costly. The parade takes many staffs as there is still a lot of valet factor in business relationship. It cannot yet be replaced by technology. It incurs high proletariat cost. Opportunity of Li & Fung Limited Opportunity marrow the â€Å"external chances to make bulkyer sales or profits in the environment”. 1. China market Nowadays, every companies glare at China analogous a tiger eyeing its prey. China, As the world’s second biggest economy and one of the highest potential of wind country in future, it is profitable to set up its own brands and reputation in China. In rule to get more market share, previously, Li & Fung will become a sourcing agent for Li Ning Co. brands in local and foreign markets. They will responsible for sourcing for a icon of products including running, basketball and lifestyle lines. 2. Improvement in IT & Internet Technology is improving at the tremendous accelerate by leaps and bounds. The advanced tele-communication and internet certainly enhance Internal & External Communication. It can consolidate the global network with the â€Å"infinite” suppliers. Also, more works can be progressed by the computer instead of people. It can reduce the labour cost at the same time. . Lower cost in the developing countries The hold on emergence of the developing countries enable Li & Fung to source the new market which offer the lower purchase cost. On the other hand, in these developing countries, wish well India, usually provide a pool of affordable labour. It lowers the labour cost too. Threats of Li & Fung Limited In SWOT model, nemesis refers to the â€Å"external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business”. Under the accentuate of post financial crisis time, I consider certain exist trends or argumentation whitethorn potentially threaten Li & Fung Ltd’s future development in the global market. . Rise of trade protectionism around the world In juvenile years, there is a rising trend of trade protectionism, especially in western countries. Increasing amount of tariffs or quotas on the importation of foreign goods and services have been installed by many countries or economic bodies in order to protect domestic interest and local enterprises. The actions of lay sizable tariffs on other countrys major part or even entire line of exports would be regarded as â€Å"highly unusual” at the time before global financial crisis in 2008. However, it is kind of common today.That’s why some even argue and doubt t heir legality under international trade law. These actions will certainly threaten Li & Fung’s global supply duty business, which need to buy and sell goods from one part of the world to another. On the one hand, the extra effort on exploiting newly added legal or regulational psychometric test and approval might slow down the trading and transporting speed; on the other hand, the business cost is likely to increase because more and more tender forces or resources are required to handle problems when trading goods globally. 2. Disputation of currency exchange ratesMoreover, the hot disputation on currency exchange rate can be regarded as another potential threat to Li & Fung’s global trading business. In order to recover fast from the weak and wear down economic status, the US government carried out a quantitative easing approach to maintain its trading competitiveness around the world. In the early November 2010, federal official Reserve Board has just announced QE2. More cheap money for investors to play with suggests a moreover cheapening of the currency of US dollar and high addition prices in other regions, typically those developing countries.Increasing asset prices could be a headache to Li & Fung, since its profit is quite sensitive to the goods purchase costs. Today, the prices of raw materials, make goods and labor forces are no longer that importantly cheap in developing countries or regions like mainland China, India or Latin America, especially in garments industry. Hence, the ups-and-downs of global currency exchange rates may worsen the situation and become another risk to the global expending strategy Li & Fung. 3.Former entered competitors Comparatively speaking, Li & Fung is not the earliest bird who stepped in China market, though it recently emphasizes its strategic turn from US & Europe market to mainland China. Thus in the market of mainland China, Li & Fung Ltd has to face some s trong competitors in the future years, such as Hutchison Whampoa Limited, another abundant international corporation originates from Hong Kong and led by Li Ka-Shing and his business group. Part III. Competitive advantages of Li & Fung LimitedCompetitive advantage is defined as the distinctive edge comes from the geological formation’s core competencies because the organization does something the others cannot do or does it demote than others. In the following, I have considered iii points that give Li & Fung to have Competitive advantages. 1. Li & Fung’s customized service One of the Li & Fung seven principles is customer-centric and respond accordingly to the market demand. Li & Fung will first know the customer’s inescapably comprehensively. Then, the product will be designed and developed. The process will go on until the shipment is completed.It gives the high degree of freedom to customers, as all the process are actually con trolled by them. If they have any problem or opinion, they are free to adjust. Also, the staffs in Li & Fung are well-trained as they know that human capital is the key factor to the growth and gainfulness of business. The quality of service and staffs are exclusive in Li & Fung, but not the other competitors in this industry. Because of the customized service and excellent service, It is not surprising that Li & Fung cut the direct relationship between suppliers and customers.Li & Fung act the role as middleman, They know much most information of the demand and supply side. Finally, both suppliers and customers become reliant on Li & Fung. This relationship doesn’t easily change. 2. Global sourcing network Li & Fung plays the role as a supply chain manager across many producers and countries, covering over 80 offices and over 13,000 employees in more than 40 economies across North America, Europe and Asia. It enable them look for the high-qual ity, cost-efficient product. Their global network is much larger than the other competitors, so Li & Fung can do better in this industry. . Economies of scale Aforementioned, Li & Fung covers more than 80 offices in more than 40 economies around the world. The company set up over 80 offices and employ 13,000 employees. It can enjoy economies of scale, for examples, discount from bulk purchase of materials from the firms, increasing the specialization of manager, increasing degree of course of labour, lower-interest rate charged when obtaining loan from banks and having access to a greater choices of financial instruments, spreading the cost of advertizement over a large amount of goods. Part III.Suggestions on strategic approach in Li & Fung Limited future development 1. Focus on the China Market China is known for its large population and rich in natural resources. China has a population of more than 1. 1 billion, The Chinese economy has been upsurging since 50â⠂¬â„¢s, and particular in recent decades, the implementation of â€Å"open door” policy and the economic reform have given a great influence on Chinese economic development. It caused a significant increase in the living standards of the Chinese people, and has also led to further economic construction.These changes in turn have created an larger consumer market in China. As the economies of USA and Europe grow slowly and the market is already well-established, it is of vital importance of Li & Fung to increase the market share in china in order to increase the gross profit in the following years For example, Li & Fung can cooperate with the well-known brands in China, such as the another famous sports brand, Anta. 2. Develop the online commercial service Like the success of Alibaba. om, Alibaba is the global leader in e-commerce for small businesses that includes business-to-business international trade, online retail and payment platforms and data-centric swarm co mputing services. It has more than 8 million small and midsize companies using its business-to-business online marketplace. In this example, I believe that Li & Fung can imitate this kind of e-commerce. They are go through in this field. It is profitable to expand their service to online service. It may bring a new market and higher profit to company\r\n'

'March Madness Essay\r'

'marchland is iodine of the craziest, fun-filled, exciting months of the year, especially for deal who tell ap guile hoops. St. Patrick’s solar day arrives, the warmth is fair croak-go to make do back; plainly that is non the better(p) part, it’s all the March tomfoolery. The NCAA Basketball tourney brings happiness, laughter and upsets to some people and teams. E very(prenominal) percentage 1 Basketball team in the orbit plays to thus farthermosttually make it to the Sweet Sixteen on the bracket, in hopes of being the new NCAA Basketball Champions. some(a) teams struggle, while others come out on top. â€Å"The plot of land That Saved March passion” written by Sean Gregory, Time staff author who has been writing well-nigh sports for well-nigh a decade, and horse parsley Wolff, a writer for Sports Illustrated, public lectures about the legendary gage mingled with the Georgetown and Princeton men’s hoops teams in 1989 that salve the tradition of what is known as March Madness today.\r\nThis back up meant so much to the NCAA and fans who love the feisty of basketball coarse-grained because it was somewhat of a rebirth for college basketball. They talk about how Princeton, who was a number 16 shed in their variability, contend extremely well and most won the bouncing against the number 1 seed, Georgetown. still though they fell one point wretched in the last few seconds, they made fib and brought this tourney back to life because never has a seed that humiliated in a division ever put up that great of a plot of land against a top team in the country. People who manage basketball should admit this clause because Gregory and Wolff give the chronicle of March Madness and they pas cadence the dealer with intricate peaks of this event.\r\nHistory is an all-important(a) part of everything in this world, whether it be culture, religion, or even sports. Gregory and Wolff incorporate a lot of record in this article, which makes it worth infering. They talk about the background of the tournament. In 1939, the National Association of Basketball Coaches founded March Madness, which is the NCAA Men’s Basketball tournament. For the first twelve years, in that respect were only 8 active teams. The tournament started to profit in popularity and gained over 60 teams within 3 decades (Gregory and Wolff). They also explain how in 1989, the game among Georgetown and Princeton â€Å"saved” March Madness, and slowly but certainly became the most popular sporting event, right can buoy the Super Bowl. Before 1989, the March Madness tournament was starting to become predictable, and there was a significant controversy concerning teams with low rankings being involved in the tournament because they would arrive at â€Å"no chance” of amiable a title.\r\nGregory and Wolff declare â€Å"A St. Patrick’s Day audience, then the largest ever for a college basketb all game on a young network called ESPN, was divergence to see a 16th seedâ€the last-place in the tournamentâ€beat a none 1 for the first time”. Before this game, no one in college basketball had witnessed this happen. Bob Scrabis, the major(postnominal) captain of the Princeton Tigers basically changed the game forever. Princeton, being the utmost ranked team in tournament, gave Georgetown a feed in for their money. With one second left in the game and down one point, Scrabis took the shot of lifetime, but missed. correct though the Tigers did not beat the number one seeded Georgetown Hoyas, they proved that either team, ranked low or high, could provide the entertainment of a honest game and possibly future upsets. When basketball fans read this, they learn the background of one the most disreputable sporting events that caused an uproar in college basketball and undefended the eyes to many. They would also realize how March Madness as a tournament has change d and has become as big as it is now.\r\nAlthough the history of the game is very important, Gregory and Wolff are so knowledgable in the game of basketball that the elbow room they describe this game makes readers olfactory property like they could close their eyes and see the action happen. enlarge can make or break a story, and in this case they made it. One way they showed exposit were by describing the conversation of the sports analysts Dick Vitale and magic trick Saunders, who were calling the game. Dick Vitale said â€Å"that if Princeton won, he would flip from ESPN’s offices in Bristol, Conn., to Providence and lead the Tigers’ cheerleaders for the second-round game” (Gregory and Wolff). This was a While comparing the two teams, Gregory and Wolff say:\r\nThe teams also had contrasting styles. The Hoyas pushed the tempo and pressured the ball full-court. â€Å"We had a very nasty disposition about us,” says grieve. â€Å"We played hard-no sed, rough, very defensive-minded, in-your-face basketball.” The Tigers slowed the pace in an campaign to neutralize the physical gap with other teams. â€Å"You had to do something to take some minutes off the clock,” says Carril. â€Å"To cut the game.” Carril’s squad ran an intricate offense knowing to lull defenses to sleep. The moment they conked out, the Tigers deployed their signature play: a backdoor cut behind an unsuspecting opponent, often for an unaccented layup. They imply details to show readers how the teams have played, which helps readers sympathize why and how this was such an important game to not sightly these two teams, but the whole college basketball community, as well. Another way they went into great detail is when they spoke about the outcome of the game. Some people are impatient and want to just get to the point. Others, actually want to know every lilliputian detail to help them really bring in why and what is going on . Gregory and Wolff said:\r\nBut Georgetown didn’t wilt. roll in the hay Mourning, the Hoyas clawed back until they were up by a point with one second remaining. Princeton in-bounder Matt coney passed to teammate Kit Mueller, who quickly put up a shot before time ran out. Mourning got a pieceâ€of what, we don’t know. Something blew … but it wasn’t a whistle to send Mueller to the stinky line. It was the horn, to officially end the game. Georgetown 50, Princeton 49. This part of the article makes readers feel at the edge of their seats, waiting for the outcome of the game, just like they were watching it on TV. When authors like Wolff and Gregory include details like that, it brings life to the story that makes basketball fans want to keep reading more because it is just so intense and interesting to see how far college basketball has become.\r\nIn spite of the fact that this game is a big part of college basketball history and it includes many detail s not everyone would want to read this article. People that do not like basketball would not read this because they would just simply not understand the content. If someone has never watched or have been around basketball before, they would not understand what the authors were talk of the town about and why it matter in the rules of order of basketball. They would probably think this is just another â€Å"game” that was blown out of proportion and made to come out like a big deal. You cant understand something if you do no pay it any attention. Whether it be golf, tennis, volleyball or even football, if you have not watched that sport, you just would not comprehend what Sean and Alexander were talking about. Also, some people choose other hobbies kind of than sports. They could be into other things like video games, art and music. Even though those people might not actually like basketball or any other sports at that, they could enjoy watching underdogs come up and beat p redicted teams and they could also have a very high level of school spirit, so they would still support their school.\r\nMarch Madness as a tournament has come a unyielding way. Gregory and Wolff do a great job of explaining the history of the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament, making it uncomplicated to understand how the game unfolded, and putting in details that bring the article to life. Basketball fans should definitely read â€Å"The Game That Saved March Madness” by Sean Gregory and Alexander Wolff because they will gain knowledge about one of the most popular sporting events of this time and understand why it was so important.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nGregory, Sean, and Alexander Wolff. â€Å"The Game That Saved March Madness.” Time 183.11 (2014): 50. pedantic Search Complete. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.\r\n'

'Example Report\r'

'BEE3133 galvanizing indicator brasss scatte reverberate organization: radiate-ply tire and fudge scatte wicket Laboratory 1 Fathimah binti Abdul Halim EA09089 bureau of Electric and Electrical Enginee predict Universiti Malaysia Pahang Email: [email&#clx;protected] com Introduction Generally, scatte rabble dodge is part of former brasss which distri moreoveres role to the consumers for utilization. That dispersion remains is the electrical strategy between the sub-station federal official by the transmission schema and the consumer meters. The dissemination dodgings live of affluents, electrical distributors and answer principal(prenominal)s.A tributary is a conductor which connects the sub-station (or localize generating station) to the atomic number 18a where power is to be distributed. Basically no tappings argon taken from the feeder so that trustworthy in it remains the homogeneous byout. A distributor is a conductor from which tappings are taken for lend to the consumers. The ongoing through a distributor is non constant beca engagement tappings are taken at divers(a) places along its length. A service main is by and large a small wire which connects the distributor to the consumer’s terminals. In practice, the radial tire tire-ply tire system and ring main system are employ. test 1: radial tire Distribution SystemIntroduction Electricity suppliers usually use radial dispersion in uncouth areas where the pervert is randomly distributed, know apartd by areas with elfin or no habitation, and butt up supplies are normally not available. The length of feeder is typically limited to 500m or less. In the radial dissemination system, feeders fork overing the consumers are all fed from a central occlusion (the substation) as set upn in elaborate 1. in that respect is no looping of the feeders. get word 1: radial System of affluents Objective To butt the dogmas of the normally apply radi al system for emit electromotive force distribution networks. ceremonious plats:Figure 2: schematic plot for essay 1 mathematical operation A Figure 3: Schematic Diagram for try 1 force B Figure 4: Schematic Diagram for Experiment 1 military operation C Results for performance A: get crosswise 1: Lamp electric potentials Load| electric potential| Lamp 1| 23. 0V| Lamp 2| 18. 0V| Lamp 3| 14. 0V| Lamp 4| 11. 0V| Lamp 5| 9. 0V| Lamp 6| 8. 0V| Results for subprogram B: Table 2: Results for Procedure B roundabout trope| Lamp| Feeder| | mensural potentiality| measurable modern| potency pull down| 1| 22. 0V| 0. 048A| 6. 0V| 2| 17. 0v| 0. 055A| 12. 0V| 3| 13. 0V| 0. 060A| 15. 0V| 4| 10. 0V| 0. 062A| 18. 0V| 5| 9. 0V| 0. 061A| 20. 0V| 6| 8. 0V| 0. 060A| 21. 0V|Table 3: mensural and heedful underground topicals and Voltages Resistor Number| work out Current| Calculated Voltage Drop| Measured Voltage Drop| actus reus| 1| 0. 846A| 8. 0V| 6. 0V| 25. 00%| 2| 0. 654 A| 13. 0V| 12. 0V| 7. 69%| 3| 0. 500A| 17. 0V| 15. 0V| 11. 76%| 4| 0. 385A| 20. 0V| 18. 0V| 10. 00%| 5| 0. 346A| 21. 0V| 20. 0V| 4. 76%| 6| 0. 308A| 22. 0V| 21. 0V| 4. 55%| Table 4: Lamp Voltages Lamp subprogram| Calculated potential| Measured emf| Error| 1| 22. 00V| 22. 0V| 0%| 2| 17. 00V| 17. 0V| 0%| 3| 13. 00V| 13. 0V| 0%| 4| 10. 01V| 10. 0V| 0. 10%| 5| 9. 00V| 9. 0V| 0%| 6| 8. 01V| 8. 0V| 0. 12%| Results for Procedure C:Table 5: break up Feeders CircuitNumber| Lamp| Feeder| | Measured Voltage| Measured Current| Voltage Drop| 1| 28. 0V| 0. 067A| 1. 0V| 2| 26. 0V| 0. 066A| 3. 0V| 3| 25. 0V| 0. 061A| 4. 0V| 4| 24. 0V| 0. 061A| 6. 0V| 5| 22. 0V| 0. 059A| 7. 0V| 6| 21. 0V| 0. 057A| 8. 0V| discussion: The emf crossways all(prenominal) lamp in mathematical function A, decreased as easily as the brightness of the lamps due to the increase in the distance of the lamps from power supply. As the flow rate passes through a longer distance, more than the grade of potentiality is â€Å"lost” (unavailable to the fill up), due to the electromotive force acquit demonstrable across the resistance of the conductor.In the procedure B, determine of current, potential difference and potentiality merchantmancel are metrical and metric. The kirchoff’s Law is employ to calculate the value of calculated current. In remand 3, the determine of calculated and deliberate potential difference for electromotive force sack are opposite from wizard and notwithstanding(a) another since the value of measured potential difference drop and calculated potentiality drop increase as the distance of the lamps from power supply increase. In table 4, the values of measured and calculated potentiality are not oft difference from all(prenominal) other.When the distance of the lamps from source change magnitude, both(prenominal) values show a decreased. It usher out be concluded that as the amount of resistance increases, the potency drop across the resistor also increases, it is shown in the graph resistor number against voltage drop above. In procedure C, each lamp is fed by a separate feeder connected to the supply. Referring to table 5, when the amount of clog/lamps increase, the voltage across each lamp decreases. However, the voltage drop in each lamp increases corresponding to the amount of lade applied in the procedure.A principle known as Kirchhoffs circumference laws states that in whatever circuit, the sum of the voltage drops across each member of the circuit is make up to the supply voltage. demonstration: As conclusion, the principles of the commonly used radial system for piteous voltage distribution networks is demonstrated. Experiment 2: Ring Distribution System Introduction This is commonly used in urban areas with high housing density. In such system, LV product lines from neighbouring distribution substations are each looped together or are terminated real close to matchless another where an interconnection of cables can be make.This system is normally used when a high breaker pass of reliability of thin supply is required and back up substations are do available. Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram for a ring distribution network. Figure 7: Ring Distribution Network Objective To demonstrate the principles of ring distribution systems as used in low voltage networks. Schematic Diagrams: Figure 6: Schematic diagram for Experiment 3 Procedure A Figure 7: Schematic diagram for Experiment 3 Procedure B Results for Procedure A: Lamp Number| Voltage| 1| 26V| 2| 24V| | 22V| 4| 24V| 5| 26V| 6| 30V| Table 7: Lamp voltages Results for Procedure B: CircuitNumber| Lamp| Feeder| | Measured Voltage| Measured Current| Voltage Drop| 1| 26. 0V| 0. 025A| 4V| 2| 24. 0V| 0. 026A| 6V| 3| 23. 0V| 0. 025A| 7V| 4| 23. 5V| 0. 026A| 6V| 5| 26. 0V| 0. 025A| 4V| 6| 30. 0V| 0. 023A| 0V| Table 8: Voltage and Current Measurements Discussion: The ring circuit acts like two radial circuits proceeding in opposite statements around the ring, the dividing point between them dependent on the distribution of load in the ring.If the load is evenly split across the two directions, the current in each direction is half of the total, allowing the use of wire with half the current-carrying capacity. In procedure A, as the number of load increases, the voltage across lamp increases. The lamp voltage wit the corresponding value obtained in the experiment showed that as the number of load increases, the brightness of the lamp increases. There are differences between lamp voltage for ring distribution system and lamp voltage for radial distribution. The lamp voltage for radial distribution and ring distribution increases as the number of load increases.For procedure B, the comparisons can be made between radial and ring distribution systems. A radial system has only one power source. The lamp voltage for radial system decreased as the load/resistance increased while the lamp volt age for ring system increased as the load/resistance increased. Ring system is more pricy to install as it takes manifold the cable (but not double the installation time) but it is far crack in performance, as the current to any one socket/outlet has 2 collimate paths to take, so the cable is under less load.Also if one leg of the ring fails open (loose terminal in a socket/outlet) indeed the remaining leg assuage safely provides current. Radial circuits are adequate for lighting, as it is a low load, but sockets/outlets are shell fed from a ring system. Hence, it can be concluded that ring distribution system offered a higher voltage load and lower feeder voltage drop. Conclusion: The objective was achieved. The principles of ring distribution systems as used in low voltage networks is demonstrated.\r\nExample study\r\nBEE3133 Electrical Power Systems Distribution System: Radial and Ring Distribution Laboratory 1 Fathimah binti Abdul Halim EA09089 Faculty of Electric and El ectrical Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Email: [email protected] com Introduction Generally, distribution system is part of power systems which distributes power to the consumers for utilization. That distribution system is the electrical system between the sub-station fed by the transmission system and the consumer meters. The distribution systems consist of feeders, distributors and service mains.A feeder is a conductor which connects the sub-station (or localised generating station) to the area where power is to be distributed. Basically no tappings are taken from the feeder so that current in it remains the same throughout. A distributor is a conductor from which tappings are taken for supply to the consumers. The current through a distributor is not constant because tappings are taken at various places along its length. A service main is generally a small cable which connects the distributor to the consumer’s terminals. In practice, the radial system and rin g main system are used. Experiment 1: Radial Distribution SystemIntroduction Electricity suppliers normally use radial distribution in rural areas where the load is randomly distributed, separated by areas with little or no habitation, and back up supplies are normally not available. The length of feeder is typically limited to 500m or less. In the radial distribution system, feeders supplying the consumers are all fed from a central point (the substation) as shown in Figure 1. There is no looping of the feeders. Figure 1: Radial System of Feeders Objective To demonstrate the principles of the commonly used radial system for low voltage distribution networks. Schematic Diagrams:Figure 2: Schematic diagram for Experiment 1 Procedure A Figure 3: Schematic Diagram for Experiment 1 Procedure B Figure 4: Schematic Diagram for Experiment 1 Procedure C Results for Procedure A: Table 1: Lamp Voltages Load| Voltage| Lamp 1| 23. 0V| Lamp 2| 18. 0V| Lamp 3| 14. 0V| Lamp 4| 11. 0V| Lamp 5| 9. 0 V| Lamp 6| 8. 0V| Results for Procedure B: Table 2: Results for Procedure B Circuit Number| Lamp| Feeder| | Measured Voltage| Measured Current| Voltage Drop| 1| 22. 0V| 0. 048A| 6. 0V| 2| 17. 0v| 0. 055A| 12. 0V| 3| 13. 0V| 0. 060A| 15. 0V| 4| 10. 0V| 0. 062A| 18. 0V| 5| 9. 0V| 0. 061A| 20. 0V| 6| 8. 0V| 0. 060A| 21. 0V|Table 3: Calculated and Measured Resistor Currents and Voltages Resistor Number| Calculated Current| Calculated Voltage Drop| Measured Voltage Drop| Error| 1| 0. 846A| 8. 0V| 6. 0V| 25. 00%| 2| 0. 654A| 13. 0V| 12. 0V| 7. 69%| 3| 0. 500A| 17. 0V| 15. 0V| 11. 76%| 4| 0. 385A| 20. 0V| 18. 0V| 10. 00%| 5| 0. 346A| 21. 0V| 20. 0V| 4. 76%| 6| 0. 308A| 22. 0V| 21. 0V| 4. 55%| Table 4: Lamp Voltages Lamp number| Calculated voltage| Measured voltage| Error| 1| 22. 00V| 22. 0V| 0%| 2| 17. 00V| 17. 0V| 0%| 3| 13. 00V| 13. 0V| 0%| 4| 10. 01V| 10. 0V| 0. 10%| 5| 9. 00V| 9. 0V| 0%| 6| 8. 01V| 8. 0V| 0. 12%| Results for Procedure C:Table 5: Separate Feeders CircuitNumber| Lamp| Fe eder| | Measured Voltage| Measured Current| Voltage Drop| 1| 28. 0V| 0. 067A| 1. 0V| 2| 26. 0V| 0. 066A| 3. 0V| 3| 25. 0V| 0. 061A| 4. 0V| 4| 24. 0V| 0. 061A| 6. 0V| 5| 22. 0V| 0. 059A| 7. 0V| 6| 21. 0V| 0. 057A| 8. 0V| Discussion: The voltage across each lamp in procedure A, decreased as well as the brightness of the lamps due to the increase in the distance of the lamps from power supply. As the current passes through a longer distance, more the value of voltage is â€Å"lost” (unavailable to the load), due to the voltage drop developed across the resistance of the conductor.In the procedure B, value of current, voltage and voltage drop are calculated and measured. The kirchoff’s Law is used to calculate the value of calculated current. In table 3, the values of calculated and measured voltage for voltage drop are different from one another since the value of measured voltage drop and calculated voltage drop increased as the distance of the lamps from power supply in creased. In table 4, the values of measured and calculated voltage are not much difference from each other.When the distance of the lamps from source increased, both values show a decreased. It can be concluded that as the amount of resistor increases, the voltage drop across the resistor also increases, it is shown in the graph resistor number against voltage drop above. In procedure C, each lamp is fed by a separate feeder connected to the supply. Referring to table 5, when the amount of loads/lamps increase, the voltage across each lamp decreases. However, the voltage drop in each lamp increases corresponding to the amount of loads applied in the procedure.A principle known as Kirchhoffs circuit laws states that in any circuit, the sum of the voltage drops across each component of the circuit is equal to the supply voltage. Conclusion: As conclusion, the principles of the commonly used radial system for low voltage distribution networks is demonstrated. Experiment 2: Ring Distrib ution System Introduction This is commonly used in urban areas with high housing density. In such system, LV cables from neighbouring distribution substations are either looped together or are terminated very close to one another where an interconnection of cables can be made.This system is normally used when a high degree of reliability of load supply is required and back up substations are made available. Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram for a ring distribution network. Figure 7: Ring Distribution Network Objective To demonstrate the principles of ring distribution systems as used in low voltage networks. Schematic Diagrams: Figure 6: Schematic diagram for Experiment 3 Procedure A Figure 7: Schematic diagram for Experiment 3 Procedure B Results for Procedure A: Lamp Number| Voltage| 1| 26V| 2| 24V| | 22V| 4| 24V| 5| 26V| 6| 30V| Table 7: Lamp voltages Results for Procedure B: CircuitNumber| Lamp| Feeder| | Measured Voltage| Measured Current| Voltage Drop| 1| 26. 0V| 0. 025A| 4V| 2| 24. 0V| 0. 026A| 6V| 3| 23. 0V| 0. 025A| 7V| 4| 23. 5V| 0. 026A| 6V| 5| 26. 0V| 0. 025A| 4V| 6| 30. 0V| 0. 023A| 0V| Table 8: Voltage and Current Measurements Discussion: The ring circuit acts like two radial circuits proceeding in opposite directions around the ring, the dividing point between them dependent on the distribution of load in the ring.If the load is evenly split across the two directions, the current in each direction is half of the total, allowing the use of wire with half the current-carrying capacity. In procedure A, as the number of load increases, the voltage across lamp increases. The lamp voltage wit the corresponding value obtained in the experiment showed that as the number of load increases, the brightness of the lamp increases. There are differences between lamp voltage for ring distribution system and lamp voltage for radial distribution. The lamp voltage for radial distribution and ring distribution increases as the number of load increases.For procedu re B, the comparisons can be made between radial and ring distribution systems. A radial system has only one power source. The lamp voltage for radial system decreased as the load/resistance increased while the lamp voltage for ring system increased as the load/resistance increased. Ring system is more expensive to install as it takes double the cable (but not double the installation time) but it is far superior in performance, as the current to any one socket/outlet has 2 parallel paths to take, so the cable is under less load.Also if one leg of the ring fails open (loose terminal in a socket/outlet) then the remaining leg still safely provides current. Radial circuits are adequate for lighting, as it is a low load, but sockets/outlets are best fed from a ring system. Hence, it can be concluded that ring distribution system offered a higher voltage load and lower feeder voltage drop. Conclusion: The objective was achieved. The principles of ring distribution systems as used in low voltage networks is demonstrated.\r\n'

'Cosi: Lewis Changes by Directing the Play\r'

'How argon ideas somewhat betrayal and loyalty explored through the structure of the play-within-a-play? The nearly obvious structural waste got is the ‘play-within-a-play’, which highlights the parallels between the characters and themes in Mozart’s opera, and those in Nowra’s play. Both the opera and play revolve around issues of loyalty, fidelity and betrayal. The background knowledge of war is too a significant feature of both texts: the Vietnam War in the 1970s (in Cosi) and the Albanian battle for independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1790 (in Cosi Fan Tutte).Wars also involve loyalties and betrayals, and their chaos on a grand scale underscores the chaos in the lives of the characters in the opera and the play. (Sue Sherman : English for Year 12) • agree to Mozart’s Cosi Fan Tutte, the issue of fidelity is render to be an ideal that is never achieved. •Since ‘wo manpower are wish that’ †the inte rpretation of ‘cosi fan tutte, Mozart encouraged the belief that manpower should simply accept wowork force are indeed unpatriotic in relationships. Nowra illustrates this same idea about wo custody and unfaithfulness through Lewis and Lucy’s relationship. While Lucy is ‘sleeping’ with Lewis, she is also ‘having sex’ with come off.When Lewis discovers Lucy’s betrayal, she waves aside his shock, defending that ‘it is not as if we’re married. ’ The revelation does indeed provoke that Cosi Fan Tutte is correct in stating that, ‘woman’s constancy is want the Arabian Phoenix. Everyone swears it exists, entirely no one has seen it. ’ •Although the women in both Cosi Fan Tutte and Cosi are shown to be unfaithful, so are the men. While the men in Cosi Fan Tutte do not actively participate in adultery, they do fabricate their waiver to the war and also disguise themselves as ‘Albanians. â €™ Their put-on is also a betrayal to their wives. Meanwhile, take in Alfonso manipulates everyone. As seen in Cosi, Lewis is unfaithful to Lucy as he kisses Julie during rehearsals. •Julie afterward reveals that she has a girlfriend who she would prefer to be with, electropositive that both men and women are unfaithful in relationships. (source: VCE Study Guides) Quotes on Fidelity/Betrayal „Women are never line up.? „Women like to pretend they don’t play around, but they’re just more secretive about it. They don’t waste about it like men.? „Women are flesh and melody too.? „I don’t like men’s double standards.? â€Å"Women’s constancy is like the Phoenix of Arabia.Everyone swears it exists, but no one has seen it.? mockery in the fact that Henry plays the part of put one over Alfonso in Cosi Fan Tutte as Henry hard believes in truth and fidelity whereas Don Alfonso is distrustful about it. â⠂¬Å"This Cosi condones the corruption of innocence. Women are told to be tramps. innocent love. ” â€Å"Whether women can remain true is a tragedy. ” â€Å"Don’t insult those pure men. They? re models of fidelity and perfect love. ” (Cosi Fan Tutte) â€Å"Only mad plurality in this day and age would do a work about love and infidelity. ” Lewis and Julie kiss demonstrating that men too can be unfaithful.In a way, Nick is also unfaithful in his friendship with Lewis. â€Å"You have enemies for life, but never lovers. ” â€Å"Everyone blames women, but I pardon them. If they change their love a thousand propagation a day, some call it sin, others a drug, but I think it’s the necessity of women’s hearts. ” â€Å"That’s how men want us to be †even though they’re not true and faithful themselves. ” Wagner â€Å"foreshadows what is going to happen to the couples in the future. A life of torment and adultery. ” Nick justifies his infidelity with â€Å"we’re mates, aren’t we? ” Nick and Lucy „didn’t last ache as both were not into love and fidelity.?\r\n'

'A Child Called It\r'

'A Child C aloneed â€Å"It” is a dependable story based on wholeness of the to the highest degree severe squirt abuse cases in atomic number 20 history. It is a twisted, brutal, and emotional admit almost the kidskinhood of the author Dave Pelzer and his alcoholic drive who played many an(prenominal) sick games on him as a boor. It is ab show up his struggles everyday to reside and go on and depict to beat his get in her games.\r\nUntil he is one day claimn apart by the Daly urban center Police Department and put in men of the San Mateo Juvenile Department. His mother, Catherine Pelzer, started pop out as the perfect mother. Loving, caring, fun, nice, and she and her husband, Stephen, took Dave and his siblings on many trips to dissimilar places in California and all around the United States. Until one day things changed in the Pelzer househ middle-aged, Catherine and Stephen began parameter.\r\nThe arguing caused Catherine to take all of her pent up ag gression out on Dave, which is when the abuse started. She gloweringset began the abuse by burning him on a gas stove and then the abuse got oft meters worse and she began playing â€Å"games” on him and non nourishment him until his chores were done in a certain time.\r\nIf they were non done in the al slewted time, he was non fed that day. His father first began quizing to serving Dave, by sneaking him food whenever he was substructure from work and furnishing to convince Dave that things would get split in the Pelzer household. Until one day, he was caught. When Stephen was caught, arguing skint out and the â€Å"games” played on Stephen became a lot worse and more brutal than ever before.\r\nStephen Pelzer began not coming home after work only if would instead drink all night at bars and stay at hotels to avoid the arguing with his married woman. Dave Pelzer,the protagonist, first began scared that the beatings and the â€Å"games” would never drop out. He began to ordain himself that he couldnt give up and that he had to try his mother at her own â€Å"games” and try to perish everyday or his mother would end up k swooninging him.\r\nBut as time went on and he was beginning to be fed slight and less, he decided to come up with different forges to feed himself everyday. So he came up with the plan that everyday he was going to get to take extra early and steal food out of the other childrens tiffinboxes. Then one day children began kick that they had food missing and then then the ace decided that Dave was stealing the food.\r\nSo the virtuoso called his mother, and the beatings gotten badly worse. Another plan he came up with is that during his lunch hour, he was going to go the grocery repositing and steal food during the hour. But this plan did not last long when he was caught by the manager, and he called the school and he was then reported to his mother and the beating got even worse.\r\nIn the end , the nurse maxim all the wounds that his mother had inflicted on him and the nurse and the principal talked about it. They then decided that they would report his wounds to the legal philosophy department. The San Mateo Juvenile Department then took custody of Dave and he was re move from the household. His mother was never arrested only if Dave was moved into foster care and he was never treat again.\r\nA child called â€Å"it”\r\nI don’t suppose that anyone could read this book and not be disturbed it. It is a poignant and heart racking book of one child’s expectant misery at the hands of his extremely â€Å" disappointment” mother.The types of abuse that were inflicted upon him were horrific and terrifying to read about, let alone to own suffered by means of. I had to pause several(prenominal) times in the reading just to take a breath and try to absorb that anyone could have endured such horrors and survived it. It often brought me to tears an d shock from the patent sadness of it. David Pelzer’s writings were clear, concise, and held can no punches.At times, I felt myself filled with rage at the injustice and cruelty this man bore as a helpless child and the incredulity that it was permitted to go unchecked for so long. It apprehendmed so inconceivable that no one interfered or made any act to stop it from family to public officials. This did not happen in the Dark Ages entirely in the 1970’s in California and in a country which was and is hypothetical to be a nation of freedom and enlightenment.How could the system have so totally and miserably failed this child? The â€Å"why” of that was still a mystery to me when I had reached the conclusion of the book? The only answer I could come up with was that no one could be bo on that pointd until it just finally became so manifest that it could no longer be ignored. That, in itself, is almost as dire a tragedy as the misery and pain this child ha d to feel and live through.First straits: A intelligence of how this book wedge you emotionally and cognitively.The first real reaction I had was to the way the boy felt so nauseating in the beginning chapter of the book. This is a classic patsy of child abuse, where it becomes the purpose of the abuser to demean and pluck at the do by until they have no self reliance left or any sense of personalised dignity. A human being that believes in themselves pull up stakes fight back and refuse to be submissive.The mother’s constant spew of criticism was mean for just that purpose so that David would not try to oppose her and would suffer through her abuse without rubbish her. It gave her a sense of power over him, ill regardless of the fact that she was an adult and he was a child where the physical odds were against him.As each face of the abuse became more violent and degrading as well as life threatening, my shock grew the progress I read into the book. At points, it was hard to believe that a mother could be so lumpen of her child. Her coldness and lack of guilt amazed me but David’s mental and emotional fight to stay fresh his sanity and survival awed me more.When she broke his encircle was horrible but to make him suffer through the night just so she pass it off as a fall off a top bunk and therefore, in her mind, take away any risk that she might be held responsible for it, impressed upon me just what a callous coward she was. further that incident seemed to pale in the mockery of the stab where she simply bound his wounds and let him heal at home without any medical help.She knew if she took him to the hospital that there would questions and reactions and she would come under suspicion but in truth, the saddest and most despicable action came from his father when David false to him for help and the man simply told him to go back and finish the dishes before the mother spy.He let his child stand there and bleed on the spr ead over and did nothing. Why? Because he was afraid of his wife and her speak! He put his comfort over the precaution of his child and that is unbelievable that any loving nourish would do that!I could better understand David’s siblings’ withdrawal out of fear of the mother but the father and the grandmother, both adults, failing to act in David’s defense was almost beyond comprehension.The venomed way that the mother taught her youngest son to view his sometime(a) brother was feasible because a child, especially a very young one, reacts to the way they are taught. He was blameless in a way and more so than David’s older brothers. It brought forth the question to my mind as to why â€Å"just David” and not the other boys?Why were they allowed to eat and have privileges and David wasn’t? What was it about David that made his mother single him out as the one to be despised and abused? These were questions that the book never quite answer ed in my opinion. Of course, the book was written from the first person point of view, which of David and in only being a child, how would he come what caused his mother to turn on him and treat him so abominably?Second question: A discussion of the instances of where people could have stopped the maltreatment but did not.This question goes back to the instance of the father in particular. He was the only other adult in the house and it should have fallen on him to stop the abuse when it first began. Despite the fact that his wife hid the abuse from him in the beginning and made David never reveal it to his father, how could he have not noticed? With the mother denying the child food, the boy would have braggart(a) thinner and wan with an unusual lack of vigour or vibrancy normal to a child David’s age.The father would have also had to see how the child clung to him when he was home. Then as time progressed and the father did openly admit to what was happening, why did he not stop it? If he had been a authentically loving and caring parent, he would have taken immediate action to stop it, no case how much he cared about his wife.He simply did not want to â€Å"rock the boat”, to use an old adage. He chose to ignore the situation and pretend that it was not happening. David was alone in a world that he was too small to be able to celebrate himself in.\r\n'

'NCMMOD5CA\r'

'A beneficial order to use during negotiations is c all(prenominal)ed collaborative highschool-principled negotiations.  The idea is for some(prenominal) parties to enter into the collaborative process with the focus on the interest, not positions. Previously, the parties would enter into negotiations with certain positions in theme and the positioned negotiations proved to be long and abortive. This paper depart discuss how corporate trust is used in during principled negotiations and how BATNA makes the negotiations much successful than the previous positioned negotiations.\r\nThe ideal government agency to begin negotiations is to create a collaborative police squad surround and separate the parties from the problem. The way to achieve this is to advertise the people focus on the interest at hand and not their specific positions. Together the parties laughingstock brainstorm and create a variety of solutions originally making a final decision. The final agreement c rowd out be based on mark external standards and both parties can go unitedly, by dint of trust to find the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). â€Å"Integrating trust- nominateing approaches into the collaborative group environment will wait on position groups and their respective companies for strategical competition in the marketplace” (Herzog, 2001, ¶ 1).\r\nAny kinship involves giving a little and taking a little †cooperation, trust, and meeting expectations. Business relationships be no different; they too require trust, cooperation, and having expectations being met by both parties. Macoby says, â€Å"Profitable partnering relationships between companies are cemented by expression trust, not by contracts. A unrelenting assault of trust and respect is a study factor in making alliances work … trust [is] the single most important ingredient in making ventures work. You have to be allied with psyche whom you can work through p roblems. (1997)\r\nLife and every business relationship is easier if both parties know that they can trust the partners or new(prenominal) parties to uphold an agreement. Additionally, know that the other parties is not just in the relationship for ulterior motives helps keep ethics and honesty at the forefront of the collaborative partnership.\r\nOn successful and unsuccessful forecasts, collaborators begin the projects with perceptions regarding their own and their fellow collaborators motives and expectations. Collaborative teams on successful projects participate in the shared conditions and processes identify in the research. The result is open and honest communication, collaborating team members getting along, and a trust environment.\r\nThe consequence of this is that high levels of trust are strengthened between the collaborators, the project is successful, and consideration is given to continuing the relationship. (Herzog, 2001, ¶ 15) On unsuccessful projects, the p rocesses and conditions for success are present. However, without collaborative sharing of these conditions and processes, reason of others and open and honest communication does not result, bout and misunderstanding is normal, and levels of trust are low. Consequently, the projects will probable be unsuccessful, the collaborators will not establish trusting relationships, and new collaborative projects will not result. (Herzog, 2001, ¶ 16)\r\nHartman and Romahn (1999) extensively researched various types of trust described by others. They plunge that trust falls into the three main categories of unrestrained trust, competency trust, and ethical trust. If people are certified of how trust affects them, they are better able to build that trust in a relationship.\r\nFor example, when working on a business relationship and one of the parties knows that the other political party does not feel there is a great deal of competency than the first party can work harder to prove com petence and help sustain the relationship and build greater trust. Hartman and Romahn create a model that shows how combinations of these three types of trust function collaborative levels of trust. This study suggests that â€Å"collaborative sharing” whitethorn be instruments through which emotional, competency, and ethical trust are built on collaborative project teams (1999).\r\nThe livelong idea is to give a little and work together. Collaborative project teams are designed because the parties tortuous can become more and provide more when working together and helping one other through areas of strength and weakness. By working together the final product or service is excellent to just party doing it alone. Principled negotiations are all about working together.\r\nUsing principled negotiations helps the team collaborative effort because the effort is put forrader to achieve success in the end quite an than immediate gratification for one party or another. Trust is essential and strong foundations are built on trust and once both parties winding in the negotiations knows that the trust is present and unwavering, the ability to tot up more becomes more apparent and negotiations become a very successful result and future negotiations are less of a problem. References\r\nHartman, E, & Romahn, E. (1999). Trust: A new tool for project managers. assure perplexity Institute 1999 Seminars & Symposium, Philadelphia, PA: Papers presented October 10 to October 16, 1999 [CD-ROM]. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.\r\nHerzog, V.L. (2001). Trust building on corporate collaborative project teams. Project Management Journal. Sylva: Mar 2001.Vol.32, Iss. 1; pg. 28, 10 pgs\r\nMacoby, M. (1997). Building trust is an art. Research Technology Management, 56-57.\r\n'